World of Metallurgy ERZMETALL 68 2015 No 3138 Markus A Reuter et al Lead Zinc and their Minor Elements Enablers of a Circular Economy 2 2 Zinc facts As Figure 5 shows at present approximately 70 of the zinc produced worldwide originates from mined ores and 30 from recycled or secondary zinc The level of recycling is increasing each year in step with progress in the technology of zinc production and recycling Today a significant amount of zinc is recovered over 50 i e the zinc from EoL products available for recycling Zinc is recycled at all stages of production and use for example from scrap that arises during the production of galvanized steel sheet from scrap generated during manufacturing and installation processes and from EoL products and End of Life Vehicles ELVs Figure 5 also shows that a significant amount is still available from electric arc fur nace EAF dust as is also evident from the amount of galvanized steel as shown by Figure 6 Usually when discussing metals we so easily fall into a metal centric discussion forgetting that metals are always a complexly interconnected WoM and materials serving a purpose in complex products therefore in the sustaina bility enabling web of technologies In this context metals are a key enabler of the Internet of Things IoT The next section will briefly show some of these interconnections 2 3 Zinc and lead the carriers of technology elements The production tonnes of various valuable technology ele ments are summarized in Figure 7 Some of the lead and zinc minerals that contain these elements are shown in Figure 3 These minor elements have key applications in various modern products also playing a key role in sustainability enabling applications as shown in Table 1 As these ele ments have a close affinity to lead and zinc they can be recovered within in the metallurgical infrastructure More details of the importance of some of the metals in Table 1 are 13 Fig 5 Zinc uses and products left and zinc reserves mining production and recycling statistics right 10 12 Figure 5a Reuter Figure 5b Reuter Fig 6 Galvanized steel as percentage of total steel in 2010 and 2012 for dif ferent countries 12 Figure 6 Reuter

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