World of Metallurgy ERZMETALL 68 2015 No 3166 Frank E Goodwin The Zinc Industry New Developments this capacity during 2014 2018 The average annual growth rate is expected to be in excess of 6 Figure 3 shows that Chinese zinc smelters have historically operated at lower capacity utilization rates than the rest of the world Be tween 2015 and 2019 Chinese smelter operating rates are expected to increase to nearly Western levels mainly the result of consolidation of the industry into larger operating units 2 2 2 India Until 2007 India was a net importer of zinc Between 2005 and 2010 Indian zinc smelter production grew at a com pounded annual growth rate of 19 far exceeding the 4 rate of increase in domestic demand India now produces a significant surplus of zinc during 2013 793 000 tons of zinc concentrates were mined 788 000 tons were smelted and 655 000 tons consumed in the country meaning that 133 000 tons were available for export As in all countries imports of zinc products not available locally in this case several grades of die casting and galvanizing grade alloys are imported these are balanced in trade by export of slab zinc Both mine and smelter production are expected to grow at only small rates during the next five years 6 2 3 Latin America Although Brazil constitutes 40 of zinc demand in Latin America the production of zinc is about equally divided between Brazil 28 Mexico 34 and Peru 35 A small amount 3 is produced in Argentina giving a total of 958 000 tons of produced metal in 2014 This is sig nificantly larger than the 663 000 tons of zinc consumption in this region giving a 295 000 ton surplus that is available for export 7 3 Trends in demand The distribution of global demand for zinc is shown in Figure 4 Globally this distribution of uses for zinc has not changed significantly during the last ten years however within certain countries especially China and Russia there have been significant changes in the distribution of demand and absolute quantities of zinc used In Europe North 1158 1112 820 516 460 282 274 262 212 202 湖南 云南 陕西 内蒙 广西 河南 甘肃 辽宁 广东 四川 Hunan Yunnan Guangxi Inner Mongolia Shaanxi Henan Gansu Liaoning Guangdong Sichuan 1 5 15 0 14 2 11 0 22 7 1 7 0 4 6 9 1 0 24 7 Fig 2 Production of zinc kt in each of the ten Chinese zinc producing provinces 2014 and percentage rate of increase over 2013 5 Table 4 China refined zinc production forecast 5 Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Average an nual growth rate Total China production kt 5629 6100 6600 7000 7200 6 3 Increase kt 473 471 500 400 200 Increase 9 2 8 4 8 2 6 1 2 9 Operation rate 78 4 81 1 86 1 90 2 87 7 Primary zinc kt 5230 5593 6072 6457 6636 6 1 Increase 8 8 6 9 8 6 6 3 2 8 Secondary zinc kt 400 507 528 543 564 9 Increase 14 27 1 4 1 2 8 3 9 Fig 3 Historic and forecast zinc smelter capacity utilization China rest of the World ROW and global rates 2

Vorschau World of Metallurgy 3/2015 Seite 60
Hinweis: Dies ist eine maschinenlesbare No-Flash Ansicht.
Klicken Sie hier um zur Online-Version zu gelangen.